Iryna Steshenko as a translator of Anglophone literature Essays

Iryna Steshenko as a translator of Anglophone literature Essays Iryna Steshenko as a translator of Anglophone literature Iryna Steshenko is a spectacular Ukrainian actress and a prominent translator. She was brought up in a family where people treasured folk traditions and customs. All members of her family were related to literature, education and Ukrainian culture in general. In order to get to know her better as a translator, we should dive deeper into her biography. Iryna Steshenko was born on July 5, 1898, in Kyiv. She is the daughter of Ivan M. Steshenko and Oksana Steshenko, the cousin of Lesya Ukraiinka and the granddaughter of Mykhailo Starytsky - the coryphaeus of the Ukrainian Theatre . Iryna Steshenko was the last representative of the renowned ancestry, which, after her death in 1987, ceased to exist. From early childhood, she began studying foreign languages. At the age of three, she had a governess from Germany and at five - from France. Hence she obtained a good command of those languages. In 1918 she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Higher Women's Studies in Kyiv. After graduation, in addition to her mother language, she was fluent in Russian, German, French, and English. Not every woman back then had the opportunity to obtain such solid and versatile knowledge. In 1920 Iryna Steshenko graduated from the Lysenko Music and Drama Institute. It was then that Pavlo Tychyna - Taras Shevchenko Theatre dramaturge at that time - approached her and asked to translate some comedies by Moliere. These were The Bourgeois Gentleman , The Imaginary Invalid , Scapin the Schemer . Tychyna would later edit her translations to be suitable for the theatre. These plays were often featured in Ukrainian theatres. After that Iryna Steshenko was paying more and more attention to the artistic translation, and from 1949 she devoted herself to it completely. The achievements of Iryna Steshenko as a translator are particularly notable, because she, as a person with a solid education and as a descendant of famous writers, had an extraordinary feeling of the Ukrainian language; she knew it perfectly and used it skilfully . The language of her translations is academic and graceful, but at the same time, it is alive and natural. From the very beginning, Steshenko as a translator set very strict requirements to herself. The translation, in her opinion, is a creative obsession with the work which one translates and its author, not the mechanic "transference" into another language, albeit being done at a high professional level. A translated work must feel as if it was written in the target language: only the stylistic characteristics, peculiarities of thinking and the details of everyday life should tell a reader that it is the work of a writer of another nation. She worked solely with the original pieces and was very indignant at the offer to translate from Russian to Ukrainian. In her translations she paid great attention to the logical cohesion of phrases in lines and stanzas, to euphony of verses and to the natural ease of speech as well as to the rendition of the inner force pertained to the source language idiom. Steshenko skilfully reproduced verbal images of both representatives of the highest class of society and ordinary people. It distinguishes her among other translators, especially considering the current tendency to use taboo vocabulary in translations and original works. Among contemporary Ukrainian translators who dealt with the works of William Shakespeare, Iryna Steshenko is the most productive . She translated six of his pieces: The Merchant of Venice (1950), Othello (1950), Romeo and Juliet (1952), Much Ado About Nothing (1952), The Comedy of Errors (1954), The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1963). I was lucky to happen upon her translation of plays Much Ado About Nothing (1-2) and Romeo and Juliet (3) . Here are some interesting cases. Beatrice and Benedict's speech is a powerful source of wordplay in the original text. The puns were very popular in the days of Elizabethan England and Shakespeare's texts are full of them . Benedick : O God , sir , here's a dish I love not : I cannot endure my Lady Tongue : ! ... , ; Messenger : And a good soldier too , lady . Beatrice :

Five cities in Europe with free MA

Five cities in Europe with free MA Best European cities to do Master’s degree for free Are you thinking about obtaining a postgraduate degree, but you worried that you couldn’t cover the expenses? Here’s what you can do - get a Master’s degree in Europe for free! Sounds good, isn’t it? Believe it or not, but many European universities are funded by the states, which means that higher education is often partly or wholly subsidized by the administration of each country. Therefore, the education costs you less than half of the price, and in some cases, it’s even free. Here is a list of the best cities in Europe, where you can accomplish your Master’s for free and make a new home for a year or two. Berlin, Germany Easily one of the most fashionable cities in Central Europe, Berlin is an ultimate destination for creative and open-minded folks. Also, the house of techno and just an anchor point for authentic and relevant street culture. Not only does a city of Berlin lends a comfortable environment for students to express their personality but also makes a living relatively cheap in contrast with more lavish cities like Munich and Dresden! Why Germany? Germany was named one of the most favorable countries among international students, while reputable universities in Berlin and average living expenses make it an ideal place to study abroad. Try sending your application to Freie University of Berlin and Humbolt University of Berlin, since they are considered the best for international students. Â   Paris, France France may not be as widely known as Germany for affordable higher education. But international students may be surprised to learn that they can also study in France for free (or, at a meager price), regardless of their nationality. Despite the fact that technically some fees are applied in public universities in France, they constitute only a fraction of the sum other countries may charge. Also, the cost of living in Paris is relatively affordable for an average student. Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm is painstakingly chic, carefree, and most of the locals know English as their first language. In Sweden, of course, you’ll have to be prepared for slightly chilly conditions, so your wardrobe could go well without shorts and tank tops. Even in Summer, a hoodie over your t-shirt wouldn’t be such a bad idea. Â   Stockholm University can be your starting point for your Masters as well as few other universities that offer free (or almost fee-free) education. Although Sweden is also not the cheapest place to live, the standard of living is high here, and the government takes actions to make it more attractive, offering various scholarships and loans to students, while also encouraging international students to work during their studying. Amsterdam, The Netherlands There’s no better place for a student to enjoy a laid-back charm of Amsterdam, where the city can be shown cycling in just a matter of hours. Amsterdam’s vibe is ideal for student life; it’s compact, creative, liberal and full of history. That’s why such a huge amount of tourists and students flock to Amsterdam each year with a desire to have the time of their life. Pursue your Master's degree at the following institutions: University of Amsterdam Leiden University The government provides housing subsidies for full-time students, as well as grants for students from $ 200-450 per month to those who work while studying. The financial support for students is very generous here, but you have to be dealing with batches of documents before you gain access to these benefits, and it can be a pain in the neck to do. Maybe it's worth to hire someone to help you figure out everything: if you sort it out in the right way, you can graduate with a Master’s diploma in your hands and not a cent of debt to follow you. Â   Vienna, Austria Vienna is a city well-known for its cultural and musical impact, which offers a number of Master's courses for international students in English. The city portrays itself as an off-beaten point of attraction for students of all nationalities. The University of Vienna and the University of Innsbruck are the best when it comes to getting your Master’s degree. All students receive an ID card, which allows a nice discount on public transport, cinemas, multiple cafes and restaurants, and even a free admission to museums and galleries. Sounds amazing, right?